Eficacia de un plan de cuidados de enfermería específico para el paciente con delirio / Effectiveness of a Specific Nursing Care Plan for the Patient with Delirium

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome confusional agudo o delirio es un trastorno psiquiátrico severo frecuente en pacientes mayores ingresados, tiende a agravarse en las horas del final de la tarde y nocturnas, con un gran impacto en los cuidados nocturnos. Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia de los cuidados de enfermería específicos ante el delirio nocturno en pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: Ensayo clínico cuasi-experimental en dos unidades de hospitalización de Medicina Interna de un hospital de alta complejidad. Se identificaron un grupo control y un grupo experimental, mediante muestreo de conveniencia. En ambos grupos, se seleccionaron pacientes con delirio, mediante la escala validada Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist. Se expuso al grupo experimental a plan de cuidados específico basado en bibliografía y plan de cuidados estándar al grupo control. Sobre resultados de indicadores de delirio, pre y posaplicación de planes de cuidados en ambos grupos, se realizaron pruebas de contraste (ANOVA, t-Student y Chi2-test de Fisher). Resultados: Con incidencia de 12-15 por ciento, los grupos control y experimental mostraron resultados homogéneos en el test del delirio PRE (p > 0,05). La edad, motivo de ingreso, género, y número de interrupciones durante el sueño, no mostraron repercusión sobre los resultados de delirio. Tras la aplicación de los planes de cuidados, el grupo experimental mostró reducción significativa de los índices de delirio (p < 0,05), y no se obtuvieron cambios significativos en el grupo control (p > 0,05). Conclusiones: El plan de cuidados específico a pacientes con delirio demostró ser eficaz al mejorar los indicadores del test de delirio y evitar el empeoramiento del cuadro(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute confusional syndrome or delirium is a severe psychiatric disorder of frequent presentation in hospitalized elderly patients. It worsens likely in the late afternoon and evening hours, with a great impact on night care. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of specific nursing care for sundown delirium in hospitalized patients. Methods: Quasi-experimental clinical trial in two hospitalization units of internal medicine of a high-complexity hospital. A control group and an experimental group were identified by convenience sampling. In both groups, patients with delirium were selected, using the validated scale Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist. The experimental group was exposed to a specific care plan, considering the bibliography; and the control group was exposed to a standard care plan. Regarding the results of delirium indicators, before and after the application of the care plans in both groups, contrast tests were performed (ANOVA, t-Student and Fisher's Chi-square test). Results: With an incidence of 12-15 percent, the control and experimental groups showed homogeneous results in the delirium test PRE (p >0.05). Age, reason for admission, gender, and number of interruptions during sleep did not show repercussion on delirium results. After the application of the care plans, the experimental group showed a significant reduction in delirium rates (p < 0.05), and no significant changes were obtained in the control group (p >0.05). Conclusions: The specific care plan for patients with delirium was shown to be effective in improving the indicators of the delirium test and avoiding the worsening of the health status(AU)

Acute myocardial infarction and primary percutaneous coronary intervention at night time / Infarto agudo do miocárdio e intervenção coronariana percutânea primária no período noturno

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is the preferred treatment in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. At night period, the delay until performing primary percutaneous coronary intervention may be determinant to prognosis worsening. Objective: To analyze the results of primary percutaneous coronary intervention performed at day and night periods. Methods: Cohort study that included patients admitted with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention from December 2013 until December 2016 in a ST-elevation myocardial infarction reference hospital of a metropolitan region in Brazil, followed from admission to hospital discharge or death, compared according to time of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (night or day). Statistical analysis comprehended the Chi-square test, the Fisher test, the Student's t-test and the analysis of variance, with significance level of 5%. Results: 446 patients were submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention, 159 (35.6%) at night time and 287 (64.4%) at day time. No differences were found between the two groups concerning clinical baseline characteristics. Door-to-balloon time (101 ± 81 minutes vs. 99 ± 78 minutes; p = 0,59) and onset-to-ballon time (294 ± 158 minutes vs. 278 ± 174 minutes; p = 0,32) did not differ between the groups. The incidence of combined major adverse cardiac events (15.1% vs. 14.3%; p = 0,58) and in-hospital mortality (9.4% vs. 8.0%; p = 0,61) were similar between the groups, as well as length of hospital stay (6.0 ± 4 days vs. 4.9 ± 4 days; p = 0,91). Conclusion: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention at night time showed similar results as the procedure performed at day time, without significant increase of in-hospital adverse events, length of stay or mortality

Validación de una escala de satisfacción con el cuidado nocturno de enfermería / Validation of a satisfaction scale for night nursing care

Con el objetivo de validar la escala The Night Nursing Care Instrument (NNCI) para la evaluación de la satisfacción con el cuidado enfermero nocturno en pacientes y enfermeros; entre enero y junio de 2011 se realizó en Medellín (Colombia) un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con la participación de 194 pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de salud y de 34 enfermeros que tenían turnos nocturnos en el mismo hospital. Se utilizó la NNCI de 11 ítems, que evalúa en enfermeros y pacientes la satisfacción con los cuidados nocturnos de enfermería. Se hizo: a) traducción y retrotraducción del instrumento, b) validación semántica, c) validación de constructo con análisis de componentes principales, d) evaluación de la consistencia interna, y e) comparación de los ítems de la escala entre enfermeras y pacientes con un análisis de ANOVA de un factor. Los resultados mostraron en la validación factorial que la escala tiene tres dimensiones (intervenciones enfermeras, tratamiento médico y evaluación) en enfermeros y pacientes. La confiabilidad fue de 0,91 en enfermeros y 0,88 en pacientes. El 95,6 % de los pacientes y el 55,9 % de los enfermeros están satisfechos con el cuidado nocturno, diferencia que es estadísticamente significativa. La conclusión final de este estudio es que la escala NNCI es un instrumento con buena validez y confiabilidad y que puede ser utilizado en Colombia para evaluar la satisfacción de enfermeros y pacientes con el cuidado nocturno de enfermería(AU)

Aiming to validate The Night Nursing Care Instrument (NNCI) for evaluating satisfaction with night nursing care of patients and nurses, a cross sectional descriptive study, where 194 patients hospitalized in a health care institution and 34 nurses who had night shifts in the same hospital, was conducted between January and June 2011 in Medellin (Colombia). 11 items NNCI was used, it evaluates night nursing care satisfaction of nurses and patients. The instrument was: a) translated and retro-translated, b) semantically validated, c) construct validity with main component analysis was made, d) internal consistency was evaluated, and e) item comparison among nurses and patients with ANOVA analysis of a factor was made. Results showed in factorial validation, that the scale has three dimensions (Nurses interventions, medical treatment and evaluation) in nurses and patients. Reliability was 0,91 in nurses and 0,88 in patients. 95,6 % of patients and 55.9% of nurses were satisfied with nigh care, statistically significant difference. It was concluded that NNCI is an instrument with great validity and reliability and it can be used in Colombia to evaluate nurses' and patients' satisfaction with night nursing care(AU)